With Rhea Rahman (Brooklyn College), moderated by Emma Park (The New School for Social Research).

UK-based humanitarian NGO Islamic Relief is today one of the largest and most recognized Western-based Islamic humanitarian NGOs in the world. Of its over 50 partners in its Global Family, Islamic Relief-South Africa was the only national partner that was both a global fundraising partner and a field office. This meant that the office raised funds for development projects around the world, as well as accepted funding for domestic aid projects in South Africa. Radical income, wealth, and spatial inequality, massive displacements and migration, and historical racial and ethnic discrimination have created a uniquely complicated geography of aid relations within South Africa itself. Approximately 250 years of settler colonialism, followed by 50 years of racial segregation under apartheid, followed by a generation of neoliberal governance, have led to South Africa being one of the most unequal countries in the world. This chapter foregrounds an analysis of racial capitalism to explore how shifting meanings and material conditions of racial capitalism condition relations of aid within South African Muslim communities.