This lecture with Maximiliano Fuentes Codera (Universitat de Girona) examines how writers, priests and politicians in Spain and Argentina imagined the nation in the age of fascism (1914–1945). It argues that Latinity, the idea of a Latin civilization descended from Greece and Rome, and Hispanism, the idea of a Hispanic community born of Spain's Catholic empire, were not rivals but underwent a process of cross-fertilization after the Great War, with Catholicism as the hinge of their fusion. Particular attention is given to the Spanish writers Eugenio d'Ors and Rafael Sánchez Mazas, whose classical, Catholic and imperial vision of the nation shaped Falangist discourse and circulated in Argentina through newspapers such as El Pueblo and Criterio. The lecture follows this exchange through the Primo de Rivera dictatorship, the 1930 coup and the Spanish Civil War, showing how Argentine nationalists hybridized both traditions into a Catholic Hispanidad.